18 year old female with abdominal pain

 Kausalya Varma, MBBS 9th semester

Roll no: 59

This is online E log book to discuss our patient’s de-identified health data shared after taking his/her/guardian’s signed informed consent. Here we discuss our individual patient’s problems through series of inputs from available global online community of experts with an aim to solve those patients clinical problems with collective current best evidence based inputs. This e-log book also reflects my patient centered online learning portfolio and your valuable inputs on comment box is welcome.

 I’ve been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of “patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations, and come up with diagnosis and treatment plan. 



18 YEAR OLD FEMALE WITH DIFFUSE ABDOMINAL PAIN


CHIEF COMPLAINTS:

An 18 year old female came with the chief complaints of diffuse abdominal pain for the past 2 weeks, vomiting for the past 5 days and loose stools for the past 2 days.


HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS:

- Patient was apparently asymptomatic until 2 weeks ago, after which she developed a diffuse abdominal pain after eating food at her hostel mess. (5 of her other friends have similar chief complaints, were all taken to the hospital and treated conservatively).

- Pain was colicky type, intermittent, non radiating, relieved on taking medication.

- From the past 5 days, patient has an increased intensity of pain in the lower abdomen, suddenly associated with vomitings (3 episodes)- they were non bilious, nonprojectile, contained food particles, pain was not relieved on taking medication.

- Patient has had 15-20 episodes of vomiting since then.

- Patient has been passing loose stools for the past 2 days, around 10-15 episodes, watery in consistency, not associated with any blood, pain is not relieved on defecation.

- Patient has a history of fever for the past 1 week, it was intermittent, low grade, relieved on taking medications.


PAST HISTORY:


Medical history

The patient has not had a previous episode similar to this.

No other relevant medical history.


Surgical history- No relevant surgical history



PERSONAL HISTORY:

Diet- Non vegetarian 
Appetite- Decreased since the last 1 week 
Sleep- Adequate 
Bowel and Bladder movements-  Urine output decreased for past 1 day, has had loose stools for the past 2 days 
Addictions- None 

Menstrual history
Age at menarche- 12 years 
Cycle repeats every 30 days 
She bleeds for five days, uses two pads per day and has no clots 

Family history- not significant 

GENERAL EXAMINATION:


The patient was conscious, coherant, and co-operative and well oriented to time, place and person. With prior consent, patient was examined in a well lit room, lying down on the bed. She in well built and well nourished.


Pallor- Present

Icterus- Absent 

Clubbing- Absent

Cyanosis- Absent

Lymphedenopathy- Absent

Edema- Absent

Koilonychia- Absent






VITALS

(At admission)

Temperature- 99.4 F

Pulse rate- 108 bpm

Blood pressure- 110/70 mmHg

Respiratory rate- 18 cpm

GRBS- 125mg/dl 

Sp02 at room temp- 97%


SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION:


ABDOMINAL EXAMINATION-


INSPECTION:

Shape – scaphoid, distended 

Flanks – free

Umbilicus – Central, inverted

Skin- no sinuses, striae are seen

Dilated veins – absent 

Movements of the abdominal wall with respiration is present 

No visible gastric peristalsis or intestinal peristalsis


PALPATION:


Superficial Palpation – 

No local rise of temperature 

Tenderness is present mainly over the right and left iliac regions and the hypogastric regions 


Deep Palpation- No hepatosplenomegaly present 


PERCUSSION:


Percussion of Liver for Liver Span

Percussion of Spleen- Dull note in percussion  

There is no fluid thrill, shifting dullness


AUSCULTATION:

Bowel sounds are heard






RESPIRATORY SYSTEM-  


Inspection-

Chest is bilaterally symmetrical

The trachea is positioned centrally

Apical impulse is not appreciated 

Chest moves normally with respiration

No dilated veins, scars or sinuses are seen


Palpation

Trachea is felt in the midline 

Chest moves equally on both sides 

Apical impulse is felt in the fifth intercostal space 

Tactile vocal fremitus- appreciated 


Percussion-

The areas percussed include the supraclavicular, infraclavicular, mammary, axillary, infraaxillary, suprascapular, infrascapular areas.

They are all resonant.


Auscultation-

Normal vesicular breath sounds are heard

No adventitious sounds heard



CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM- 


Inspection

The chest wall is bilaterally symmetrical

No dilated veins, scars or sinuses are seen

Apical impulse or pulsations cannot be appreciated 


Palpation-

Apical impulse is felt in the fifth intercostal space, 2 cm away from the midclavicular line

No parasternal heave or thrills are felt 


Percussion

Right and left borders of the heart are percussed 


Auscultation-

S1 and S2 heard, no added thrills and murmurs are heard 



CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM-


HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS:

Patient is Conscious, well oriented to time, place and person.


All cranial nerves - Intact


Motor system

                              Right.                  Left


BULK 

Upper limbs.        N.                         N

Lower limbs         N.                         N


TONE

 Upper limbs.       N.                        N

 Lower limbs.      N.                        N


POWER

 Upper limbs.      5/5.                    5/5

 Lower limbs      5/5.                    5/5



Superficial reflexes and deep reflexes are present, normal

Gait- Could not elicit, the patient was not able to get off the bed

No involuntary movements


Sensory system- All sensations (pain, touch, temperature, position, vibration sense) are well appreciated


INVESTIGATIONS


The routine investigations done for this patient include,


12/3/22


Complete urine exam

Albumin- +

Sugar, bile salts, bile pigments- normal

Pus cells- 2-4

Epithelial cells- 2-3

RBC- nil 

Casts- nil


Complete blood picture-

Reticulocyte count- 0.5%

Hb- 6.9

TLC- 6600

N/L/E/M- 93/4/1/2

Platelet count- 3

PCV- 22.5

MCV- 64.6

MCH- 19.8

MCHC- 30.6

RDW- CV-19.8

            SD-47.5

RBC- 3.48


13/3/22


Sr Iron- 38

Hb- 6.5

TLC- 6500

PCV- 21.6

MCV- 65.6

Platelets- 3

Ret count- 0.6

Absolute reticulocyte count- 0.4

Total iron deficit- 1279

Mentzer index- 19.8


An ECG of the patient was taken 






An Ultrasound of the Abdomen was also done, and the positive findings are listed below

- Evidence of dilated large and small bowel loops, noted in the right lumbar, right iliac, hypo gastric and left iliac regions, with sluggish peristalsis.
- The diameter of the largest small bowel measures 3.5cm
- The bowel walls also show normal vascularity
- Interbowel fluid noted (minimal) 




PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS-
Acute gastroenteritis
Microcytic hypochromic anemia 
?paralytic ileus 




TREATMENT-


12/3/22 1am


On observation, the patient is conscious and coherent. 

BP- 110/70mmHg

Temp- 99.2F

PR- 89 bpm

CVS- S1,S2 heard

RS- Bilateral air entry positive 

CNS- NAD

P/A- Soft, diffuse tenderness 


Treatment-

- NBM until further notice 

- Inj PAN 40mg IV OD

- Inj ZOFER 4mg IV BD

- Inj Monocef 1g IV BD

- Inj Metrogel 100ml IV TID

- Inj Tramadol 1amp in 100ml NS IV BD

- Vitals monitoring every 2 hourly 

- IVF 20 NS and 10 DNS at 100ml/hr

- Inj oflox TID


13/3/22


On observation, the patient is conscious, coherant, and cooperative 

BP- 110/80mmHg

Temp- 98.2F

PR- 67 bpm

CVS- S1,S2 heard

RS- Bilateral air entry positive 

CNS- NAD

P/A- Soft, diffuse tenderness 

Patient passed flatus, bloating improved, abdominal discomfort improved 


Provisional diagnosis acute gastroenteritis and nutritional anaemia which is microcytic hypochromic anemia.


Treatment-

- NBM until further notice 

- Inj Iron sucrose 200mg in 100ml NS over 40 min

- Inj PAN 40mg IV OD

- Inj Buscopan IM

- Inj ZOFER 4mg IV BD

- Inj Metrogel 100ml IV TID

- Inj Tramadol 1amp in 100ml NS IV BD

- Vitals monitoring every 2 hourly 

- IVF 20 NS and 10 DNS at 100ml/hr

- Inj oflox 200mg IV BD




REFERRALS


SURGERY REFERRAL 

(12/03/2022)


Notes include-

On examination, patient was conscious, coherent and cooperative.

After doing a per abdomen examination, the abdomen was noted as being soft, no guarding or rigidity, non tender and bowel sounds were heard.

Findings after a per rectal examination, shows no external skin changes, normal sphincter tone, rectum is collapsed and gloved finger stained by fecal matter. 

Provisional diagnosis- Acute gastroenteritis with the possibility of paralytic ileus secondary to an electrolyte imbalance. 





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